The GROUP BY And HAVING Clauses || Queries In PostgreSQL || Best Postgre...

Master the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses in PostgreSQL with real-world examples! 🚀 In this tutorial, we explore how GROUP BY helps in summarizing data and how HAVING filters the grouped results. These SQL clauses are crucial for data analysis, reporting, and decision-making. 🔹 What You’ll Learn in This Video? ✔️ How GROUP BY organizes data into meaningful groups ✔️ Using aggregate functions like SUM(), COUNT(), AVG() with GROUP BY ✔️ Applying HAVING to filter grouped results ✔️ Practical examples with employee salary analysis & online order revenue calculations 💻 Example Queries Used in This Video: 📌 Employee Salary Analysis Calculate total salary per department Count employees in each department 📌 Online Orders Revenue Analysis Find total revenue per product Filter high-revenue products using HAVING 📚 Sample Query – Total Revenue per Product SELECT product, SUM(quantity * price) AS total_revenue FROM orders GROUP BY product; 🔥 Ready to level up your SQL skills? Watch the full tutorial and practice along! 📢 Next Video: GROUPING SETS, CUBE, and ROLLUP in PostgreSQL 🔔 Subscribe for more PostgreSQL tutorials!

The WHERE Clause In Table Expressions || Queries In PostgreSQL || Best P...

The WHERE clause in PostgreSQL is a powerful tool used to filter records based on specific conditions. It plays a crucial role in SQL queries by ensuring that only the necessary data is retrieved, leading to improved performance and efficiency. Whether you're working with SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, or other SQL commands, understanding the WHERE clause is essential for effective database management.

🔹 What You'll Learn in This Video:
✅ Basic filtering with the WHERE clause
✅ Using IN, BETWEEN, and LIKE for advanced filtering
✅ Handling NULL values in WHERE conditions
✅ Combining WHERE with JOINs for optimized queries
✅ Applying logical operators (AND, OR, NOT) for precise conditions
✅ Using EXISTS and subqueries for powerful data selection

💡 SQL Examples Covered:
✔ Filtering employees based on salary and department
✔ Using subqueries to fetch relevant department data
✔ Checking if records exist in related tables
✔ Pattern matching with LIKE
✔ Filtering records based on date conditions

This tutorial includes practical examples using PostgreSQL, making it easy for beginners and advanced users to grasp the concepts. By mastering the WHERE clause, you can significantly improve your database queries and optimize data retrieval.

📌 Next Video: Queries in PostgreSQL – The GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses in PostgreSQL

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#PostgreSQL #SQLQueries #WHEREClause #DatabaseOptimization

The FROM Clause In Table Expressions || Queries In PostgreSQL || Best Po...

Understanding the FROM clause is crucial for writing efficient SQL queries in PostgreSQL. In this video, we’ll explore how the FROM clause works within table expressions and why it plays a vital role in retrieving, filtering, and joining data.

🔹 What You’ll Learn in This Video:

✔️ Basics of table expressions in PostgreSQL
✔️ Table inheritance and how it affects queries
✔️ CROSS JOIN, INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN
✔️ Using table and column aliases for better readability
✔️ Implementing subqueries within the FROM clause
✔️ Understanding LATERAL subqueries
✔️ Utilizing table functions to enhance data retrieval

🔹 Key Examples Covered:

✅ Creating and querying tables (employees and departments)
✅ Performing various types of joins to combine related data
✅ Using subqueries to simplify complex queries
✅ Writing functions to return sets of rows within the FROM clause

🚀 Why Watch This Video?

Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced PostgreSQL user, mastering the FROM clause will improve your database queries significantly. By the end of this tutorial, you'll be confident in handling table expressions, joins, and subqueries like a pro!

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Returning Data From Modified Rows In PostgreSQL || Best PostgreSQL Tutor...

In this video, we explore how to return data from modified rows using the RETURNING clause in PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL offers a powerful RETURNING clause with INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE commands that allows you to fetch data directly from affected rows without running an additional SELECT query.

The RETURNING clause is especially useful when working with auto-generated IDs (serial columns), computed columns, or trigger-influenced data, and helps in optimizing database interactions.

We will start by demonstrating INSERT statements with RETURNING, including how to fetch serial IDs and entire rows. Then, we cover UPDATE with RETURNING to get updated values in real-time, and DELETE with RETURNING to capture deleted rows for audit or logging purposes.

Moreover, you will learn how to combine MERGE with RETURNING for upsert operations, and how triggers interact with RETURNING to retrieve rows modified by triggers before final insertion.

✨ Key Highlights of this video:

• Syntax and usage of RETURNING clause.
• Efficient way to fetch modified rows after DML operations.
• Practical examples with INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE.
• How RETURNING works with trigger-modified data.
• Real-time data retrieval without additional SELECT queries.

If you are working on PostgreSQL databases and want to optimize your data modification workflows, this video is for you! Watch till the end to fully master the RETURNING clause!

👉 Next Video: Table Expressions In PostgreSQL - The FROM Clause

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DELETE Data Options In PostgreSQL || DELETE DML In PostgreSQL || Best Po...

Welcome to Best PostgreSQL Tutorial Video #30!
In this tutorial, we explore DELETE Data Options in PostgreSQL, an essential part of Data Manipulation Language (DML). You will learn how to delete specific rows, multiple rows based on conditions, and all rows from a table safely and efficiently.

We cover:
✅ Basic DELETE syntax to remove rows using conditions.
✅ How to delete data using the primary key for targeting specific rows.
✅ How to delete multiple rows with flexible WHERE conditions.
✅ RETURNING clause to view deleted rows immediately.
✅ Advanced DELETE using USING clause for join-based deletions.
✅ Difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE commands.
✅ Best practices and caution points while using DELETE to avoid accidental data loss.

💡 Whether you're a beginner or an experienced PostgreSQL user, this tutorial will clarify all use cases of the DELETE command with practical examples, tips, and recommendations.

📊 Check out practical examples like deleting based on price, stock, and product names, and learn how to handle deletion efficiently in real-world databases.

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UPDATE Data Options In PostgreSQL || UPDATE DML In PostgreSQL || Best Po...

The UPDATE statement in PostgreSQL is a crucial tool for modifying existing records within a table. Whether you need to update specific rows, apply conditional changes, or modify multiple columns at once, PostgreSQL provides powerful options to handle data updates efficiently.

In this tutorial, we explore various UPDATE scenarios:
✅ Basic updates for modifying specific rows
✅ Applying updates to all rows with calculations
✅ Updating multiple columns in a single query
✅ Using conditions with AND/OR operators
✅ Updating data based on subqueries
✅ Returning updated rows with the RETURNING clause
✅ Safe updates using primary keys
✅ Updating data through JOINs with other tables
✅ Applying conditional updates using CASE
✅ Using Common Table Expressions (CTEs) for structured updates

We also cover essential best practices to ensure safe updates, avoid unwanted modifications, and optimize query performance.

📌 SQL Examples Covered in the Video:

UPDATE products SET price = 200 WHERE price = 300;
UPDATE products SET price = price * 1.10;
UPDATE products SET price = price * 1.05, stock = stock - 2 WHERE stock > 5;
UPDATE products SET stock = stock + 5 WHERE name = 'Laptop' OR price < 200;
UPDATE products SET price = price * 1.10 WHERE product_id IN (SELECT product_id FROM products WHERE stock < 15);

... and many more!

🚀 By the end of this tutorial, you’ll have a solid understanding of how to effectively use the UPDATE statement in PostgreSQL for data manipulation.

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#PostgreSQL #SQL #Database #DML #DataManipulation

INSERT Data Options In PostgreSQL || INSERT DML In PostgreSQL || Best Po...

🚀 Mastering INSERT Data Options in PostgreSQL! 🛠️ When working with PostgreSQL, inserting data efficiently can make a big difference in performance. In this tutorial, we cover everything about the INSERT statement—from basic syntax to advanced techniques like batch inserts, conflict resolution (ON CONFLICT), bulk loading with COPY, and even inserting JSON data. 📌 What You’ll Learn in This Video: ✅ Basic INSERT statement and its syntax ✅ Using DEFAULT values when inserting rows ✅ Bulk Inserts with multi-row VALUES ✅ Efficient data insertion using COPY for large datasets ✅ ON CONFLICT (UPSERT) to handle duplicate key conflicts ✅ Using RETURNING to fetch inserted data ✅ Dynamic batch inserts with UNNEST function ✅ Storing and inserting JSON data in PostgreSQL ✅ Performance tips for efficient data manipulation 🔥 Code Examples Covered: 🔹 Creating a sample table and inserting data 🔹 Inserting data with and without specifying column names 🔹 Handling default values while inserting rows 🔹 Using INSERT ... SELECT to copy data from another table 🔹 Performing bulk inserts for large datasets 🔹 Leveraging ON CONFLICT for safe upserts 🔹 Batch inserts using PostgreSQL’s UNNEST function 🔹 Inserting JSON data into PostgreSQL 💡 Performance Optimization Tips: 🚀 Use COPY instead of multiple INSERT statements for large datasets 🚀 Batch inserts with multi-row VALUES improve efficiency 🚀 Temporarily disable indexes for massive data inserts 🚀 Optimize conflict resolution using ON CONFLICT 🎯 Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, this video will help you optimize your PostgreSQL inserts and improve database performance! 🔔 Subscribe for More PostgreSQL Tutorials! Don't forget to like, share, and comment with your thoughts! 😊 #PostgreSQL #Database #SQL #DataManipulation #SQLPerformance #DBMS

How To Track Dependent Objects In PostgreSQL || Best PostgreSQL Tutorial...

Managing dependencies in PostgreSQL is crucial for maintaining database integrity. In this tutorial, we explore how PostgreSQL tracks dependent objects and prevents accidental deletions. 🔹 Understanding Dependency Tracking PostgreSQL ensures that if an object (like a table, function, or type) has dependencies, it cannot be dropped unless explicitly handled. This mechanism prevents orphaned objects and data inconsistencies. 🔹 Foreign Key Dependency Example Consider a products table and an orders table where orders.product_no references products.product_id. If we attempt to drop the products table, PostgreSQL throws an error, warning us about the foreign key constraint. 🔹 Using CASCADE and RESTRICT CASCADE: Automatically removes all dependent objects when dropping a parent object. RESTRICT: Prevents dropping an object if dependencies exist, ensuring safe deletion. 🔹 Function and Type Dependencies Functions can depend on tables and types. PostgreSQL tracks dependencies for types but may not track tables unless the function is written in a SQL-standard format using BEGIN ATOMIC. Dropping a type will force PostgreSQL to remove dependent functions. 🔹 Best Practices ✅ Always check dependencies before dropping objects. ✅ Use CASCADE with caution to avoid unintended deletions. ✅ Write SQL-standard functions if table dependencies need tracking. Watch the full video to see practical demonstrations and error-handling strategies in PostgreSQL! 🚀 📌 Next Up: Data Manipulation in PostgreSQL – Inserting Data 📢 Subscribe for more PostgreSQL tutorials! 👍

How To Create PostgreSQL Foreign Table? PostgreSQL Foreign Data | Best P...

Are you looking to access external data in PostgreSQL without duplicating it? PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) allow you to integrate data from remote databases seamlessly! 🚀 In this tutorial, we will walk you through creating a PostgreSQL Foreign Table step by step. You'll learn how to use FDWs to connect to external databases, query foreign data as if it were local, and even perform modifications based on FDW capabilities. 🔹 Topics Covered: ✅ What is Foreign Data in PostgreSQL? ✅ Understanding Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) ✅ Creating a Foreign Data Wrapper ✅ Defining a Foreign Server and User Mapping ✅ Creating and Querying a Foreign Table ✅ Modifying and Importing Foreign Data 💡 Why Use Foreign Tables? Combine data from multiple databases without duplication Improve reporting and analytics by accessing external sources Enhance microservices and distributed system interactions By the end of this video, you’ll have a fully functional foreign table setup in PostgreSQL, allowing you to efficiently query and manage remote data! 📌 Don't forget to LIKE 👍, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE 🔔 for more in-depth PostgreSQL tutorials! #PostgreSQL #ForeignTable #FDW #DatabaseIntegration #SQL #PostgreSQLTutorial

How To Create Partitions In PostgreSQL || Partitions Explained || Best P...

Managing large datasets in PostgreSQL can be challenging, but Table Partitioning makes it easier! 🚀 In this video, we’ll dive into Declarative Partitioning, how it helps optimize performance, and how to implement Range, List, and Hash partitions in PostgreSQL. 🔹 What You Will Learn: ✔ What is Table Partitioning and why it is useful ✔ Different types of Partitioning (Range, List, Hash) ✔ Step-by-step Partition Creation & Management ✔ Using Partition Pruning to improve query performance ✔ Key differences between Partitioning and Inheritance 🔹 Example Queries & Hands-On Demonstration 📌 Range Partitioning – Storing sales data per month 📌 List Partitioning – Organizing data by regions 📌 Hash Partitioning – Distributing data efficiently across partitions 📌 Partition Pruning – Optimizing queries for better performance 🔹 Why Should You Use Partitioning? ✅ Faster Queries by scanning only relevant partitions ✅ Efficient Bulk Deletion without impacting the whole table ✅ Improved Storage Management for older & recent data ✅ Better Performance with parallel query execution 🔔 Don’t forget to LIKE 👍, SHARE 🔄, and SUBSCRIBE 🔔 for more PostgreSQL tutorials! 💬 Have questions? Drop them in the comments! #PostgreSQL #DatabasePartitioning #SQLOptimization #TechTutorial PostgreSQL, Table Partitioning PostgreSQL, Range Partitioning, List Partitioning, Hash Partitioning, PostgreSQL Tutorial, SQL Performance, PostgreSQL Optimization, Database Partitioning, SQL Partitioning, PostgreSQL Partitions, SQL Query Performance, Declarative Partitioning, PostgreSQL Hash Partitioning, PostgreSQL Range Partitioning, SQL Bulk Deletion, PostgreSQL Partition Pruning, SQL Query Optimization, PostgreSQL Data Management, postgresql performance, partition example

What Is Inheritance In PostgreSQL? PostgreSQL Inheritance || Best Postgr...

PostgreSQL supports table inheritance, a powerful feature that allows tables to inherit structure and data from other tables. This enables database designers to model complex real-world relationships efficiently.

🔹 Understanding PostgreSQL Inheritance
Inheritance in PostgreSQL allows a child table to automatically acquire the columns of a parent table. This is useful for scenarios where multiple tables share common attributes but also require unique fields.

🔹 Basic Example: Cities and Capitals
We demonstrate how a capitals table can inherit from a cities table, making data retrieval more streamlined. Queries on the parent table can include data from child tables, but you can also filter specific tables using the ONLY keyword.

🔹 Querying Inherited Data

• Retrieve all records (including inherited rows)
• Query only parent table records using ONLY
• Identify source tables using the tableoid system column

🔹 Limitations & Constraints
While CHECK and NOT NULL constraints are inherited, primary keys, unique constraints, and foreign keys are not. This video explores how to work around these limitations effectively.

🔹 Advanced Inheritance Features

• Multiple Inheritance – A table can inherit from multiple parent tables, merging attributes from all.
• Dynamic Inheritance – Modify inheritance relationships on the fly using ALTER TABLE.
• Dropping Parent Tables – Child tables must be handled carefully before dropping a parent table.

🔹 Real-World Applications
We explore practical use cases where inheritance simplifies schema design, improves query performance, and enhances access control.

📌 Conclusion
PostgreSQL inheritance is a flexible tool for organizing database schemas, but it has limitations regarding constraints, indexing, and insert behavior. Understanding these aspects will help you design efficient and scalable databases.

🚀 Next Topic: Table Partitioning in PostgreSQL – Stay tuned!

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PostgreSQL Schemas Explained || Schemas Advanced Options In PostgreSQL |...

📊 PostgreSQL Schemas Explained | Advanced Schema Options 🚀 Welcome to Best PostgreSQL Video #23, where we unlock the full potential of PostgreSQL Schemas, focusing on advanced options like privileges, permissions, and access management. Whether you're a PostgreSQL beginner or an experienced database professional, this video will help you master the art of schema management. 🎯 What You’ll Learn in This Video: 🔹 1. Introduction to PostgreSQL Schemas: What is a Schema? A schema is a logical container or namespace with database objects like tables, views, functions, etc. It helps organize data and manage access efficiently within large databases. Default Behavior: By default, users cannot access objects in schemas they do not own unless explicit privileges are granted. 🔐 2. Managing Privileges in PostgreSQL: Understanding privileges is key to securing your database. USAGE Privilege: Allows users to access objects in the schema without modifying them. GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA sales TO my_user_role; SELECT, INSERT, and CREATE Privileges: Learn how to control data visibility and modification rights. GRANT SELECT ON sales.customers TO my_user_role; GRANT INSERT ON sales.customers TO my_user_role; GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA sales TO my_user_role; Real-World Example: See what happens when you don’t grant INSERT privileges—and how quickly things change once you do! -- This will FAIL INSERT INTO sales.customers (customer_id, customer_name) VALUES (1, 'Akram'); -- Granting INSERT privilege GRANT INSERT ON sales.customers TO my_user_role; -- Now this will SUCCEED INSERT INTO sales.customers (customer_id, customer_name) VALUES (1, 'Akram'); 🚫 3. Revoking Privileges: Learn how to restrict access when needed by revoking previously granted privileges. This is critical for maintaining database security as team roles change. REVOKE INSERT ON sales.customers FROM my_user_role; 🗂️ 4. Object Creation in Different Schemas: Sometimes, you’ll want users to create objects in schemas they don’t own. We’ll cover: Granting CREATE privileges to specific roles. Best practices for schema-level security. How to avoid common mistakes when setting permissions. GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA sales TO my_user_role; CREATE TABLE sales.customers2 ( customer_id NUMERIC(10) PRIMARY KEY, customer_name TEXT NOT NULL ); 💡 Why This Video is Important: Enhanced Security: Learn how to safeguard sensitive data with precise privilege management. Optimized Workflows: Grant the right access to the right users without compromising security. Real-World Application: Practical SQL examples you can implement immediately in your PostgreSQL projects. ✅ Who Should Watch? Database Administrators (DBAs) looking to improve security protocols. Backend Developers who interact with PostgreSQL databases. SQL Enthusiasts & Data Analysts eager to deepen their PostgreSQL knowledge. 🔔 Don’t Forget To: 👍 Like the video if you find it helpful. 💬 Comment your thoughts or questions—we love hearing from you! 📢 Share with your team or peers working on PostgreSQL. ✅ Subscribe for more in-depth PostgreSQL tutorials. #PostgreSQL #DatabaseSecurity #SQLTutorial #DatabaseManagement #PostgreSQLSchemas #SQLBestPractices

What Is A Schema In PostgreSQL? PostgreSQL Schemas Explained || Best Pos...

Welcome to the Best PostgreSQL Tutorial Series! 🎥 In this video (#22), we explore the concept of schemas in PostgreSQL, a crucial tool for database management.

A schema in PostgreSQL is a logical namespace within a database, allowing you to group related objects such as tables, sequences, indexes, and views. This makes database organization more efficient and prevents naming conflicts in shared databases. Think of schemas as directories in an operating system—but without nesting capabilities.

What You'll Learn in This Video:

📌 Introduction to Schemas:

• What schemas are and how they work in PostgreSQL.
• The hierarchy of database clusters, databases, and schemas.

📌 Benefits of Using Schemas:

• Logical grouping of objects for better manageability.
• Separation of users and applications.
• Avoiding naming conflicts.

📌 Hands-On Examples:

• Creating schemas using CREATE SCHEMA.
• Adding objects (like tables) to schemas using qualified names.
• Exploring the public schema and its default behavior.

📌 Schema Search Path:

• Learn how PostgreSQL determines where to look for unqualified object names.
• Customize the search path and control object access.

📌 Restricting Access with Schemas:

• How to assign schema ownership to specific users.

By the end of this video, you'll understand how schemas work and be able to organize your PostgreSQL databases like a pro! 🚀

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Row Level Security (RLS) Policies In PostgreSQL Explained || Best Postgr...

Row-Level Security (RLS) in PostgreSQL is a powerful feature that provides fine-grained access control by restricting data access at the row level. With RLS, you can enforce policies to ensure users interact only with the data they are authorized to view or modify. 🔑 Key Features of RLS: Flexible Policies: Define access rules based on user-specific conditions. Table-Specific Security: Apply RLS selectively to individual tables. Transparent Enforcement: Policies are enforced automatically for restricted users. In this video, you'll learn: 1️⃣ How to enable RLS for a PostgreSQL table. 2️⃣ The steps to define and apply policies for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations. 3️⃣ Practical examples of securing data with RLS policies. 4️⃣ Testing and verifying policy enforcement for restricted users. 👩‍💻 Real-World Examples: We'll demonstrate how RLS can restrict access to the hr_schema.employees table, ensuring users only interact with their own data while superusers maintain broader privileges. 📚 Why RLS Matters: RLS helps secure sensitive data, enforce compliance, and simplify multi-user data management, making PostgreSQL an excellent choice for high-security applications. Stay tuned until the end for tips on managing and removing policies when needed. Start implementing RLS today and take your PostgreSQL skills to the next level! Row Level Security, RLS in PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL security, database security, PostgreSQL tutorial, enable RLS PostgreSQL, RLS policies, fine-grained access control, row-level policies, PostgreSQL examples, PostgreSQL RLS tutorial, role management in PostgreSQL, secure data in PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL beginners tutorial, advanced PostgreSQL features, database access control, PostgreSQL roles, RLS practical examples, PostgreSQL data restrictions

ACL: Access Control Lists || Privileges In PostgreSQL Explained | Best P...

Access Control Lists (ACLs) are at the core of database security in PostgreSQL. They determine who can perform specific actions on database objects like tables, sequences, and more. This tutorial breaks down PostgreSQL privileges, their representations, and practical examples to help you understand and implement them effectively. Learn how privileges are granted, revoked, and managed. Explore commands like GRANT and REVOKE to define access permissions, and dive into ACL abbreviations to interpret privilege details. You'll also see how to check access privileges using the \dp command. Key Highlights: Granting privileges with options for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and more. Viewing access privileges for database objects. Understanding ACL entries and their abbreviations. Practical examples for real-world scenarios. Whether you're managing a small database or a large enterprise system, mastering ACLs will enhance your database security and control. Watch this video to elevate your PostgreSQL skills! PostgreSQL ACL, PostgreSQL privileges, GRANT PostgreSQL, REVOKE PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL access control, database security, database privileges, PostgreSQL GRANT command, PostgreSQL REVOKE command, PostgreSQL tutorial, PostgreSQL best practices, PostgreSQL access permissions, database access control, PostgreSQL database management