How To Create PostgreSQL Foreign Table? PostgreSQL Foreign Data | Best P...

Are you looking to access external data in PostgreSQL without duplicating it? PostgreSQL's Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) allow you to integrate data from remote databases seamlessly! 🚀 In this tutorial, we will walk you through creating a PostgreSQL Foreign Table step by step. You'll learn how to use FDWs to connect to external databases, query foreign data as if it were local, and even perform modifications based on FDW capabilities. 🔹 Topics Covered: ✅ What is Foreign Data in PostgreSQL? ✅ Understanding Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) ✅ Creating a Foreign Data Wrapper ✅ Defining a Foreign Server and User Mapping ✅ Creating and Querying a Foreign Table ✅ Modifying and Importing Foreign Data 💡 Why Use Foreign Tables? Combine data from multiple databases without duplication Improve reporting and analytics by accessing external sources Enhance microservices and distributed system interactions By the end of this video, you’ll have a fully functional foreign table setup in PostgreSQL, allowing you to efficiently query and manage remote data! 📌 Don't forget to LIKE 👍, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE 🔔 for more in-depth PostgreSQL tutorials! #PostgreSQL #ForeignTable #FDW #DatabaseIntegration #SQL #PostgreSQLTutorial

How To Create Partitions In PostgreSQL || Partitions Explained || Best P...

Managing large datasets in PostgreSQL can be challenging, but Table Partitioning makes it easier! 🚀 In this video, we’ll dive into Declarative Partitioning, how it helps optimize performance, and how to implement Range, List, and Hash partitions in PostgreSQL. 🔹 What You Will Learn: ✔ What is Table Partitioning and why it is useful ✔ Different types of Partitioning (Range, List, Hash) ✔ Step-by-step Partition Creation & Management ✔ Using Partition Pruning to improve query performance ✔ Key differences between Partitioning and Inheritance 🔹 Example Queries & Hands-On Demonstration 📌 Range Partitioning – Storing sales data per month 📌 List Partitioning – Organizing data by regions 📌 Hash Partitioning – Distributing data efficiently across partitions 📌 Partition Pruning – Optimizing queries for better performance 🔹 Why Should You Use Partitioning? ✅ Faster Queries by scanning only relevant partitions ✅ Efficient Bulk Deletion without impacting the whole table ✅ Improved Storage Management for older & recent data ✅ Better Performance with parallel query execution 🔔 Don’t forget to LIKE 👍, SHARE 🔄, and SUBSCRIBE 🔔 for more PostgreSQL tutorials! 💬 Have questions? Drop them in the comments! #PostgreSQL #DatabasePartitioning #SQLOptimization #TechTutorial PostgreSQL, Table Partitioning PostgreSQL, Range Partitioning, List Partitioning, Hash Partitioning, PostgreSQL Tutorial, SQL Performance, PostgreSQL Optimization, Database Partitioning, SQL Partitioning, PostgreSQL Partitions, SQL Query Performance, Declarative Partitioning, PostgreSQL Hash Partitioning, PostgreSQL Range Partitioning, SQL Bulk Deletion, PostgreSQL Partition Pruning, SQL Query Optimization, PostgreSQL Data Management, postgresql performance, partition example

What Is Inheritance In PostgreSQL? PostgreSQL Inheritance || Best Postgr...

PostgreSQL supports table inheritance, a powerful feature that allows tables to inherit structure and data from other tables. This enables database designers to model complex real-world relationships efficiently.

🔹 Understanding PostgreSQL Inheritance
Inheritance in PostgreSQL allows a child table to automatically acquire the columns of a parent table. This is useful for scenarios where multiple tables share common attributes but also require unique fields.

🔹 Basic Example: Cities and Capitals
We demonstrate how a capitals table can inherit from a cities table, making data retrieval more streamlined. Queries on the parent table can include data from child tables, but you can also filter specific tables using the ONLY keyword.

🔹 Querying Inherited Data

• Retrieve all records (including inherited rows)
• Query only parent table records using ONLY
• Identify source tables using the tableoid system column

🔹 Limitations & Constraints
While CHECK and NOT NULL constraints are inherited, primary keys, unique constraints, and foreign keys are not. This video explores how to work around these limitations effectively.

🔹 Advanced Inheritance Features

• Multiple Inheritance – A table can inherit from multiple parent tables, merging attributes from all.
• Dynamic Inheritance – Modify inheritance relationships on the fly using ALTER TABLE.
• Dropping Parent Tables – Child tables must be handled carefully before dropping a parent table.

🔹 Real-World Applications
We explore practical use cases where inheritance simplifies schema design, improves query performance, and enhances access control.

📌 Conclusion
PostgreSQL inheritance is a flexible tool for organizing database schemas, but it has limitations regarding constraints, indexing, and insert behavior. Understanding these aspects will help you design efficient and scalable databases.

🚀 Next Topic: Table Partitioning in PostgreSQL – Stay tuned!

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PostgreSQL Schemas Explained || Schemas Advanced Options In PostgreSQL |...

📊 PostgreSQL Schemas Explained | Advanced Schema Options 🚀 Welcome to Best PostgreSQL Video #23, where we unlock the full potential of PostgreSQL Schemas, focusing on advanced options like privileges, permissions, and access management. Whether you're a PostgreSQL beginner or an experienced database professional, this video will help you master the art of schema management. 🎯 What You’ll Learn in This Video: 🔹 1. Introduction to PostgreSQL Schemas: What is a Schema? A schema is a logical container or namespace with database objects like tables, views, functions, etc. It helps organize data and manage access efficiently within large databases. Default Behavior: By default, users cannot access objects in schemas they do not own unless explicit privileges are granted. 🔐 2. Managing Privileges in PostgreSQL: Understanding privileges is key to securing your database. USAGE Privilege: Allows users to access objects in the schema without modifying them. GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA sales TO my_user_role; SELECT, INSERT, and CREATE Privileges: Learn how to control data visibility and modification rights. GRANT SELECT ON sales.customers TO my_user_role; GRANT INSERT ON sales.customers TO my_user_role; GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA sales TO my_user_role; Real-World Example: See what happens when you don’t grant INSERT privileges—and how quickly things change once you do! -- This will FAIL INSERT INTO sales.customers (customer_id, customer_name) VALUES (1, 'Akram'); -- Granting INSERT privilege GRANT INSERT ON sales.customers TO my_user_role; -- Now this will SUCCEED INSERT INTO sales.customers (customer_id, customer_name) VALUES (1, 'Akram'); 🚫 3. Revoking Privileges: Learn how to restrict access when needed by revoking previously granted privileges. This is critical for maintaining database security as team roles change. REVOKE INSERT ON sales.customers FROM my_user_role; 🗂️ 4. Object Creation in Different Schemas: Sometimes, you’ll want users to create objects in schemas they don’t own. We’ll cover: Granting CREATE privileges to specific roles. Best practices for schema-level security. How to avoid common mistakes when setting permissions. GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA sales TO my_user_role; CREATE TABLE sales.customers2 ( customer_id NUMERIC(10) PRIMARY KEY, customer_name TEXT NOT NULL ); 💡 Why This Video is Important: Enhanced Security: Learn how to safeguard sensitive data with precise privilege management. Optimized Workflows: Grant the right access to the right users without compromising security. Real-World Application: Practical SQL examples you can implement immediately in your PostgreSQL projects. ✅ Who Should Watch? Database Administrators (DBAs) looking to improve security protocols. Backend Developers who interact with PostgreSQL databases. SQL Enthusiasts & Data Analysts eager to deepen their PostgreSQL knowledge. 🔔 Don’t Forget To: 👍 Like the video if you find it helpful. 💬 Comment your thoughts or questions—we love hearing from you! 📢 Share with your team or peers working on PostgreSQL. ✅ Subscribe for more in-depth PostgreSQL tutorials. #PostgreSQL #DatabaseSecurity #SQLTutorial #DatabaseManagement #PostgreSQLSchemas #SQLBestPractices

What Is A Schema In PostgreSQL? PostgreSQL Schemas Explained || Best Pos...

Welcome to the Best PostgreSQL Tutorial Series! 🎥 In this video (#22), we explore the concept of schemas in PostgreSQL, a crucial tool for database management.

A schema in PostgreSQL is a logical namespace within a database, allowing you to group related objects such as tables, sequences, indexes, and views. This makes database organization more efficient and prevents naming conflicts in shared databases. Think of schemas as directories in an operating system—but without nesting capabilities.

What You'll Learn in This Video:

📌 Introduction to Schemas:

• What schemas are and how they work in PostgreSQL.
• The hierarchy of database clusters, databases, and schemas.

📌 Benefits of Using Schemas:

• Logical grouping of objects for better manageability.
• Separation of users and applications.
• Avoiding naming conflicts.

📌 Hands-On Examples:

• Creating schemas using CREATE SCHEMA.
• Adding objects (like tables) to schemas using qualified names.
• Exploring the public schema and its default behavior.

📌 Schema Search Path:

• Learn how PostgreSQL determines where to look for unqualified object names.
• Customize the search path and control object access.

📌 Restricting Access with Schemas:

• How to assign schema ownership to specific users.

By the end of this video, you'll understand how schemas work and be able to organize your PostgreSQL databases like a pro! 🚀

Don’t forget to like 👍, share 🔄, and subscribe 🔔 for more database tutorials.

Row Level Security (RLS) Policies In PostgreSQL Explained || Best Postgr...

Row-Level Security (RLS) in PostgreSQL is a powerful feature that provides fine-grained access control by restricting data access at the row level. With RLS, you can enforce policies to ensure users interact only with the data they are authorized to view or modify. 🔑 Key Features of RLS: Flexible Policies: Define access rules based on user-specific conditions. Table-Specific Security: Apply RLS selectively to individual tables. Transparent Enforcement: Policies are enforced automatically for restricted users. In this video, you'll learn: 1️⃣ How to enable RLS for a PostgreSQL table. 2️⃣ The steps to define and apply policies for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations. 3️⃣ Practical examples of securing data with RLS policies. 4️⃣ Testing and verifying policy enforcement for restricted users. 👩‍💻 Real-World Examples: We'll demonstrate how RLS can restrict access to the hr_schema.employees table, ensuring users only interact with their own data while superusers maintain broader privileges. 📚 Why RLS Matters: RLS helps secure sensitive data, enforce compliance, and simplify multi-user data management, making PostgreSQL an excellent choice for high-security applications. Stay tuned until the end for tips on managing and removing policies when needed. Start implementing RLS today and take your PostgreSQL skills to the next level! Row Level Security, RLS in PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL security, database security, PostgreSQL tutorial, enable RLS PostgreSQL, RLS policies, fine-grained access control, row-level policies, PostgreSQL examples, PostgreSQL RLS tutorial, role management in PostgreSQL, secure data in PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL beginners tutorial, advanced PostgreSQL features, database access control, PostgreSQL roles, RLS practical examples, PostgreSQL data restrictions

ACL: Access Control Lists || Privileges In PostgreSQL Explained | Best P...

Access Control Lists (ACLs) are at the core of database security in PostgreSQL. They determine who can perform specific actions on database objects like tables, sequences, and more. This tutorial breaks down PostgreSQL privileges, their representations, and practical examples to help you understand and implement them effectively. Learn how privileges are granted, revoked, and managed. Explore commands like GRANT and REVOKE to define access permissions, and dive into ACL abbreviations to interpret privilege details. You'll also see how to check access privileges using the \dp command. Key Highlights: Granting privileges with options for SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and more. Viewing access privileges for database objects. Understanding ACL entries and their abbreviations. Practical examples for real-world scenarios. Whether you're managing a small database or a large enterprise system, mastering ACLs will enhance your database security and control. Watch this video to elevate your PostgreSQL skills! PostgreSQL ACL, PostgreSQL privileges, GRANT PostgreSQL, REVOKE PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL access control, database security, database privileges, PostgreSQL GRANT command, PostgreSQL REVOKE command, PostgreSQL tutorial, PostgreSQL best practices, PostgreSQL access permissions, database access control, PostgreSQL database management

Privileges In PostgreSQL Explained || #GRANT #REVOKE Options || Best Pos...

In this tutorial, we dive deep into Privileges in PostgreSQL, an essential concept for database security and access control. You'll gain a thorough understanding of how to manage user permissions using DCL (Data Control Language) commands like GRANT and REVOKE. 📌 What You'll Learn: Types of privileges in PostgreSQL, including SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, TRUNCATE, REFERENCES, and more. How to grant privileges to specific roles for database objects like tables, schemas, and functions. Using REVOKE to restrict or modify access. Advanced topics like the GRANT OPTION, changing ownership, and managing default privileges. This video is packed with real-world examples to help you apply these concepts in your database projects. Learn how to empower or restrict access for roles effectively while ensuring the security of your PostgreSQL database. 🔍 Why Watch This Video? Whether you're a beginner or an experienced database administrator, mastering privileges is crucial for securing your database and controlling access levels efficiently. 👉 Don’t forget to like, share, and subscribe for more in-depth PostgreSQL tutorials! PostgreSQL privileges, GRANT in PostgreSQL, REVOKE in PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL DCL, database security, access control, PostgreSQL tutorial, manage user permissions, PostgreSQL GRANT examples, PostgreSQL REVOKE examples, DCL commands PostgreSQL, database privileges

How To Return Refcursor From PostgreSQL Procedure || PostgreSQL Refcurso...

Unlock the power of refcursor parameters in PostgreSQL with this comprehensive tutorial! In this video, you'll learn how to create and utilize procedures that return refcursors, enabling dynamic result sets from your database.

Key Highlights:

• Writing PostgreSQL procedures with multiple parameters.
• Using the refcursor data type for flexible query results.
• Step-by-step example demonstrating the refcursor_cursor procedure.
• Fetching results from a refcursor after execution.

This tutorial explains the logic behind the example procedure, which accepts an actor ID as input, calculates the total number of films they are associated with, and dynamically returns film titles using a refcursor.

Code Explanation:

• The procedure calculates the total number of films for an actor and opens a refcursor with the film titles.
• Learn how to call this procedure and fetch the results efficiently.
• Handle exceptions effectively to ensure reliable database operations.

Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned database professional, this video provides insights into advanced PostgreSQL concepts with practical examples to elevate your skills!

Make sure to watch the full video, try the code, and share your experience in the comments.

-- How To Return Refcursor From PostgreSQL Procedure

-- Multiple Parameters Involved

create or replace procedure 

refcursor_cursor(in_actor_id in integer, lv_ref_cur refcursor, total_films OUT numeric)

language plpgsql

as $$

begin

select 

count(*) into total_films 

from 

film_actor fa, 

film f 

where 

fa.film_id = f.film_id 

and fa.actor_id = in_actor_id;

open lv_ref_cur for

select 

'Title: ' || f.title as Title 

from 

film_actor fa, film f 

where fa.film_id = f.film_id 

and fa.actor_id = in_actor_id;

exception when others then

raise notice 'Something Went Wrong';

end;

$$

call refcursor_cursor(1,'lv_refcursor',2);

fetch all in lv_refcursor;

call refcursor_cursor(1,'lv_refcursor',2);

ALTER TABLE Options For PostgreSQL Database | Modifying Tables || Best P...

Transform your PostgreSQL tables like a pro! This video dives deep into the versatile ALTER TABLE command, showing you how to efficiently modify table structures and enhance your database schema. Whether you're adding new columns, updating constraints, or even renaming tables, we've got you covered with practical examples and best practices. 🔍 Topics Covered: Adding columns with default values or constraints. Removing unwanted columns from tables. Adding powerful constraints like CHECK, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and FOREIGN KEY. Dropping constraints when no longer needed. Changing default values and data types of columns. Renaming columns and even entire tables. 📚 Hands-on Examples: 1️⃣ Create a products table with essential fields. 2️⃣ Add constraints to ensure data integrity. 3️⃣ Explore how to rename columns and tables for better clarity. 4️⃣ Learn techniques to safely drop constraints and update schemas. By the end of this tutorial, you'll have the knowledge to adapt your PostgreSQL tables to meet evolving business requirements with confidence. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced database administrator, this guide will sharpen your skills. 👉 Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit the bell icon to stay updated with the best PostgreSQL tutorials! ALTER TABLE PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL modify tables, PostgreSQL tutorial, PostgreSQL ALTER TABLE command, PostgreSQL constraints, add column PostgreSQL, drop column PostgreSQL, rename table PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL beginner tutorial, database design PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL primary key, PostgreSQL foreign key, PostgreSQL default value, PostgreSQL column data type

What Are System Columns In PostgreSQL Database Tables || Best PostgreSQL...

Discover the hidden power of System Columns in PostgreSQL tables! These special columns, automatically created for every table, store essential metadata about the table and its rows. Reserved for internal use, their names can't be repurposed for user-defined columns. 🔍 What's inside this video? tableoid: Identify the table each row belongs to, especially in partitioned or inherited tables. xmin and xmax: Transaction IDs for inserted and deleted rows, providing insight into row history. cmin and cmax: Command identifiers for insertions and deletions, offering detailed transaction tracking. ctid: Pinpoint the physical location of row versions within a table, with tips on why it shouldn't be used as a long-term identifier. With hands-on examples, you'll see how these columns can assist in debugging, understanding table inheritance, and managing complex database systems. Whether you're a PostgreSQL enthusiast or a seasoned DBA, this video unlocks advanced capabilities for managing row states and transaction details. 🛠️ Master these system columns to level up your PostgreSQL expertise! PostgreSQL system columns, tableoid, xmin, xmax, ctid, cmin, cmax, PostgreSQL metadata, PostgreSQL tutorials, advanced PostgreSQL, PostgreSQL debugging, PostgreSQL inheritance, PostgreSQL transactions, row states, database management, PostgreSQL examples

Constraints In PostgreSQL || Foreign Key Constraints || Best PostgreSQL ...

Learn everything about Foreign Key Constraints in PostgreSQL. Boost your database skills with this comprehensive PostgreSQL tutorial!

Foreign Key Constraints are a cornerstone of relational database design, ensuring data consistency and establishing relationships between tables. In this tutorial, we dive deep into Foreign Key Constraints in PostgreSQL, explaining their significance, syntax, and practical applications.

Key highlights include:

• What is a Foreign Key Constraint?
• The importance of maintaining referential integrity.
• How to define and implement Foreign Keys in PostgreSQL.
• Examples and best practices for real-world scenarios.

Whether you're a beginner or an experienced database professional, this video offers valuable insights to enhance your PostgreSQL expertise. Watch now and unlock the power of constraints in your database systems!

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Constraints In PostgreSQL || Primary Key Constraints || Best PostgreSQL ...

In this video, we explore the essential concept of Primary Key constraints in PostgreSQL. Understanding Primary Keys is fundamental for designing robust and efficient database tables, ensuring data integrity and consistency.

A Primary Key constraint guarantees that a column, or a group of columns, can be used as a unique identifier for rows in a table. It requires that values in these columns be both unique and not null. We will walk through practical examples to clarify these concepts:

1. Example 1: Using individual UNIQUE and NOT NULL constraints to enforce data uniqueness and prevent null entries.
2. Example 2: Simplifying table design with a PRIMARY KEY constraint, which automatically enforces both uniqueness and non-null properties.
3. Example 3: Naming a PRIMARY KEY constraint and understanding its importance in database documentation.
4. Example 4: Defining a PRIMARY KEY that spans multiple columns, which is useful in more complex scenarios.

By the end of this video, you'll grasp how Primary Key constraints work, why they are vital, and best practices for their usage. We’ll also cover automatic index creation by PostgreSQL when a Primary Key is defined and discuss table constraint rules, including the significance of having only one Primary Key per table.

This tutorial is a must-watch if you are aiming to design efficient, reliable, and well-structured databases in PostgreSQL. Stay tuned for our next lesson on Foreign Keys to build on this foundational knowledge!

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Constraints In PostgreSQL | UNIQUE Key Constraint In PostgreSQL | Best P...

Welcome to another informative episode of our PostgreSQL tutorial series! In this video, we dive into the concept of constraints in PostgreSQL, focusing specifically on the UNIQUE key constraint. Understanding constraints is vital for maintaining data integrity and ensuring that your database follows your intended rules and structure.

We will walk you through what the UNIQUE key constraint is and why it's crucial in database management. You'll learn how this constraint prevents duplicate values in specified columns, enhancing data consistency and reliability. We’ll also demonstrate how to create and use the UNIQUE key constraint effectively in your PostgreSQL tables, including practical examples to solidify your understanding.

Whether you’re a beginner getting familiar with database concepts or an experienced developer refining your skills, this tutorial will provide you with the knowledge and confidence to implement UNIQUE key constraints efficiently. Stay tuned and level up your PostgreSQL expertise!

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What Is NOT NULL Constraint In PostgreSQL Tables? Best PostgreSQL Tutori...

Understanding data integrity is crucial in any database system, and the NOT NULL constraint in PostgreSQL plays a vital role in ensuring that integrity. In this video, we take a deep dive into what the NOT NULL constraint is, how it works, and why it is so essential when designing your database tables.

You'll learn:

• The core purpose of using the NOT NULL constraint.
• How it prevents null values and safeguards your data.
• Practical examples demonstrating its impact and usage.

Whether you are new to PostgreSQL or looking to refine your database management skills, this tutorial will give you a solid understanding of one of the foundational constraints. Join us and take a step closer to mastering PostgreSQL!

Make sure to subscribe and turn on notifications to stay updated with our latest PostgreSQL tutorials.

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